V cell
Ventrolateral ectoblast of the body that gives rise to neurons, hypodermis and seam cells.
hyp8
Tail ventral hypodermis, 8th hypodermis cell
hyp9
Tail ventral hypodermis, 9th hypodermis cell
hyp10
Tail ventral hypodermis
hyp11
Tail dorsal hypodermis
P1/2R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P11/12L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P3/4L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P5/6L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P1/2L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P11
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P11/12R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P12
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P5/6R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P7/8L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P3/4R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P7/8R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P1
The first (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P3
The third (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P6
The sixth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P7
The seventh (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P2
The second (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P4
The fourth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P5
The fifth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P8
The eighth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P10
The tenth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P9
The ninth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
excretory canal
Four processes (canals) of the excretory canal cell each contain a central collecting lumen which feeds to a central lumenal canal in the cell body; the central canal forms a specialized membrane to release fluids into the excretory duct. These five canals form a continuous H-shaped channel which extends almost the full length of the body, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom.
P9/10L
Cell of lineage ABplapapap, born in embryo, one of a group of postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P9/10R
Cell of lineage ABprapapap, born in embryo, one of a group of postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P11.ppaa
Hypodermis associated with hook sensillum of male, contains nucleus P11.ppaa
P11.ppap
Hypodermis associated with hook sensillum of male, contains nucleus P11.ppap
P11.ppp
Hypodermis associated with hook sensillum of male, contains nucleus P11.ppp
anterior arcade cell
Interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
cuticle
a rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan.
arc ant DL
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpaappaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post DR
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaapaaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post VL
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpaappap, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post VR
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaappap, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc ant V
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpapaapa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post V
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABarapapapa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc ant DR
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaapppa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post D
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaappaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post DL
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpaapaaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
VR muscle
ventral right quadrant muscle of body wall.
head
anterior-most body region containing the pharynx.
DL muscle
dorsal left quadrant muscle of body wall.
DR muscle
dorsal right quadrant muscle of body wall.
VL muscle
ventral left quadrant muscle of body wall.
nose
The extreme anterior portion of the body.
VA2
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA4
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB10
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB2
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB8
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VML muscle
Body wall muscle of ventral left medial position.
VA1
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA10
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA6
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB5
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA3
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA8
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB9
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VLL muscle
Body wall muscle of ventral left lateral position.
VA11
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA7
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA9
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB11
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB3
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB4
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB6
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VB7
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
VA5
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles
DLL muscle
body wall muscle of dorsal left quadrant lateral row.
DMR muscle
Body wall muscle of dorsal right quadrant medial row.
VMR
Body wall muscle of ventral right quadrant medial row.
DLR muscle
Body wall muscle of dorsal right quadrant lateral row.
DML muscle
Body wall muscle of dorsal left quadrant medial row.
VLR
Body wall muscle of ventral right quadrant lateral row.
body wall musculature
Longitudinal bands of muscle cells surrounding animal body, with one band running in each quadrant of the body, regulated contraction and relaxation of these muscles cause locomotion.
VD12
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD3
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD1
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD10
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD5
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD6
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD4
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD7
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD8
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
DVC
Neuron class of one ring interneuron, cell body in dorsorectal ganglion.
VD11
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
cloacal neuron
Male-specific neuron whose cell body is in the cloacal ganglion.
midbody
body region posterior to the head and anterior to the tail
VD13
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD2
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
VD9
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
DVE
Neuron class of one male-specific neuron, cell body in dorsorectal ganglion.
DVF
Neuron class of one male-specific neuron, cell body in dorsorectal ganglion.
PGA
Neuron class of one male-specific interneuron, cell body in preanal ganglion.
intestinal muscle
intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus
VB1
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, also interneuron in ring
head neuron
neuron with its cell body situated in the head, excluding the pharynx.
PDC
Neuron class of one male-specific interneuron, cell body in preanal ganglion.
tail neuron
neuron with its cell body situated in the tail, posterior to rectum.
seam cell
a group of hypodermal cells that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail
mu_int_L
left intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus
PVPR
Interneuron, cell body in lumbar ganglion, projects along ventral cord to nerve ring
VC5
Hermaphrodite specific ventral cord motor neuron innervates vulval muscles and ventral body muscles
body region
region of the body by which tissues, cells or cell parts are classified
VC6
Hermaphrodite specific ventral cord motor neuron innervates vulval muscles and ventral body muscles
mu_int_R
right intestinal muscle cell, attach to intestine and body wall anterior to anus
PVPL
Interneuron, cell body in lumbar ganglion, projects along ventral cord to nerve ring
VC1
Hermaphrodite specific ventral cord motor neuron innervates vulval muscles and ventral body muscles
VC2
Hermaphrodite specific ventral cord motor neuron innervates vulval muscles and ventral body muscles
PVZ
Neuron class of one male-specific motor neuron, cell body in ventral cord.
VC3
Hermaphrodite specific ventral cord motor neuron innervates vulval muscles and ventral body muscles
VC4
Hermaphrodite specific ventral cord motor neuron innervates vulval muscles and ventral body muscles
DVB
Neuron class of one ring interneuron, cell body in dorsorectal ganglion, inervates rectal muscles.
epithelial system
lies within the body wall, in close relation to nervous system and excretory system.
BDU
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated laterally in the anterior body.
PVD
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated laterally in the posterior body.
VA12
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, but also interneuron in preanal ganglion
BAG
Neuron class of two neurons with ciliated endings, in the head, with elliptical, closed, sheet-like processes near the cilium, which envelop a piece of hypodermis.
RID
Neuron class of one ring motoneuron, projects along dorsal cord, innervates dorsal body muscle.
SABD
Ring interneuron, anteriorly projecting process that runs sublaterally, synapses to anterior body muscles in L1
VB neuron
Neuron class of eleven motoneurons, distributed along the ventral cord, which innervate ventral body muscles.
SABVL
Ring interneuron, anteriorly projecting process that runs sublaterally, synapses to anterior body muscles in L1
VA neuron
Neuron class of twelve motoneurons, distributed along the ventral cord, which innervate ventral body muscles.
SABVR
Ring interneuron, anteriorly projecting process that runs sublaterally, synapses to anterior body muscles in L1
arcade cell
Interfacial (hypodermal) cells which connect the hypodermal epithelium of the lips to the pharyngeal epithelium, firmly binding the inner tissue (the pharynx) to the outer bodywall (the hypodermis).
AQR
Neuron class of one sensory neuron, basal body; not part of a sensillum, projects into ring.
CP neuron
Neuron class of nine male-specific neurons with cell body in ventral cord and preanal ganglion
EF3
Male specific neuron, large cell body in preanal ganglion, synaptic inputs from ray neurons, class three.
PDB
Neuron class of one motor neuron, process in dorsal cord, cell body in pre-anal ganglion.
EF2
Male specific neuron, large cell body in preanal ganglion, synaptic inputs from ray neurons, class two.
EF4
Male specific neuron, large cell body in preanal ganglion, synaptic inputs from ray neurons, class four.
sex organ
anatomical part of the body which is involved in sexual reproduction and constitutes the reproductive system.
EF1
Male specific neuron, large cell body in preanal ganglion, synaptic inputs from ray neurons, class one.
PQR
Neuron class of one sensory neuron, basal body, not part of a sensillum, projects into preanal gangion.
PVCR
Ventral cord interneuron, cell body in lumbar ganglion, synapses onto VB and DB motor neurons, formerly called delta.
PVCL
Ventral cord interneuron, cell body in lumbar ganglion, synapses onto VB and DB motor neurons, formerly called delta.
DVA
Neuron class of one ring interneuron, cell body in dorsorectal ganglion, has a large vesicle-filled process in ring.
DX1
Male specific neuron, darkly staining cell body in pre- anal ganglion, process penetrate basement membrane and contact muscles, class one.
DX3
Male specific neuron, darkly staining cell body in pre- anal ganglion, process penetrate basement membrane and contact muscles, class three.
DX4
Male specific neuron, darkly staining cell body in pre- anal ganglion, process penetrate basement membrane and contact muscles, class four.
DX2
Male specific neuron, darkly staining cell body in pre- anal ganglion, process penetrate basement membrane and contact muscles, class two.
body wall
exterior tube of two concentric tubes that make up the body, includes the epidermal cells and the attached neurons and muscles.
head muscle
body wall muscle in the head, including first eight cells of each muscle quadrants which are innervated by nerve ring neurons.
VC neuron
Neuron class of six motoneurons in the ventral cord, which innervate ventral body muscles and the
vm2 muscles of the vulva.
Q cell
One of a pair of lateral neuroblasts that migrate separately within the body cavity during larval stages to produce a variety of cell types.
tail precursor cell
Tail lateral ectoblasts that give rise to neurons, hypodermis and glial lineages. While initially identical, after the L2 lethargus the T cell lineages become markedly different between males and hermaphrodites helping to provide the sexually dimorphic tail structures found in males.
VD neuron
Neuron class of thirteen motoneurons, with cell bodies in the ventral cord, which innervate ventral muscles. Each cell has an anteriorly directed process emanating from its cell body.
epithelial cell
cell of epithelium, the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism as well as forming an inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells.
pseudocoelom
A fluid-filled space enclosed on the outside by the basal laminae of the bodywall tissues, principally those of the bodywall muscles and the hypodermis. Within this space the digestive tract and reproductive tract lie separately, each enclosed by its own basal lamina. Intercellular signals, nutrients and waste products can travel between all tissues bordering this space.
secondary spermatocyte
A haploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad by the division of a diploid primary spermatocyte. It undergoes a second meiotic division to complete meiosis, at which time the daughter cells detach from the residual body to become spermatids.
primary spermatocyte
A diploid immature germ cell which forms in the gonad when a spermatogonial stem cell buds off from the rachis to form a single cell that quickly enters metaphase I and divides to form secondary spermatocytes attached to a residual body.
socket cell
An interfacial epithelial cell which forms a distal cap on a sheath cell to bind the sheath of a sensillum to the neighboring hypodermis, via adherens junctions. There is often a narrow opening through the socket from the exterior into the sheath channel, allowing ciliated dendrites to be exposed to the external environment. The socket cell functions similarly to a glial cell.
rectal epithelial cell
These cells include: B, F, Y, U, K' and K. All rectal epithelial cells contain secretory membrane stacks along this region facing the lumenal cuticle and produce some portion of the cuticular lining of the rectum. These are interfacial cells that connect the alimentary system to the main body syncytium.
DD neuron
Neuron class of six motoneurons, with cell bodies in the ventral cord, which innervate dorsal muscles. Each cell has a short, posteriorly directed and a longer, anteriorly directed process emanating from its cell body. The anterior process has a branch, which leaves the ventral cord as a commissure and runs round to the dorsal cord.
lumbar ganglion
The left and right lumbar ganglia lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions. Each contains 12 neuron cell bodies that send most of their neuronal processes into the ventral nerve cord via lumbar commissures and the pre-anal ganglion. There is no local neuropil in these ganglia in the hermaphrodite, instead they form most synapses in the pre-anal ganglion. Most lumbar neurons have sensory functions. In the adult male tail, these two ganglia gain many additional neurons and have some local neuropil. The lumbar neurons lie in close association with the lateral hypodermis, and most are posterior to the anus.
cuticular ala
Small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body; these thickenings lie in register with the seam cells which likely produce them and are present in the cuticle of the L1, dauer and adult stages, but not in other larval stages. The alae are suspected to provide better traction when the animal generates a bodywave. Since the animal usually lies on its side, the alae are in perfect position to catch against the substrate.