seam cell
a group of hypodermal cells that lie along the apical midline of the hypodermis, at the extreme left and right sides between nose and tail
excretory canal
Four processes (canals) of the excretory canal cell each contain a central collecting lumen which feeds to a central lumenal canal in the cell body; the central canal forms a specialized membrane to release fluids into the excretory duct. These five canals form a continuous H-shaped channel which extends almost the full length of the body, generally in contact with the lateral hypodermis and the pseudocoelom.
lumbar ganglion
The left and right lumbar ganglia lie behind the pre-anal ganglion in the tail, in lateral positions. Each contains 12 neuron cell bodies that send most of their neuronal processes into the ventral nerve cord via lumbar commissures and the pre-anal ganglion. There is no local neuropil in these ganglia in the hermaphrodite, instead they form most synapses in the pre-anal ganglion. Most lumbar neurons have sensory functions. In the adult male tail, these two ganglia gain many additional neurons and have some local neuropil. The lumbar neurons lie in close association with the lateral hypodermis, and most are posterior to the anus.
hyp9
Tail ventral hypodermis, 9th hypodermis cell
hyp8
Tail ventral hypodermis, 8th hypodermis cell
OLLsoL
Lateral outer labial socket
OLLL
Lateral outer labial neurons
OLLsoR
Lateral outer labial socket
OLLshL
Lateral outer labial sheath
OLLshR
Lateral outer labial sheath
tail precursor cell
Tail lateral ectoblasts that give rise to neurons, hypodermis and glial lineages. While initially identical, after the L2 lethargus the T cell lineages become markedly different between males and hermaphrodites helping to provide the sexually dimorphic tail structures found in males.
OLLR
Lateral outer labial neurons
hyp10
Tail ventral hypodermis
hyp11
Tail dorsal hypodermis
PLML
Posterior lateral microtubule cell, touch receptor
ALMR
Anterior lateral microtubule cell, touch receptor
PLMR
Posterior lateral microtubule cell, touch receptor
ALML
Anterior lateral microtubule cell, touch receptor
P1/2R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P12
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P11/12L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P3/4R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P7/8R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
SDQL
Posterior lateral interneuron, process projects into ring
PVDL
Neuron, lateral process adjacent to excretory canal
SDQR
Ant. lateral interneuron, process projects into ring
P1/2L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P5/6R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
PVDR
Neuron, lateral process adjacent to excretory canal
P11
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P11/12R
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P5/6L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P3/4L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
P7/8L
Postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1
DLL muscle
body wall muscle of dorsal left quadrant lateral row.
VLR
Body wall muscle of ventral right quadrant lateral row.
VLL muscle
Body wall muscle of ventral left lateral position.
DLR muscle
Body wall muscle of dorsal right quadrant lateral row.
P4
The fourth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P5
The fifth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P6
The sixth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P1
The first (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P10
The tenth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P7
The seventh (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P2
The second (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P3
The third (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P8
The eighth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
P9
The ninth (count from anterior-most) of twelve postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
bursa
The adult male tail including the the lateral fan and rays. [WormAtlas]
H cell
Head lateral ectoblast which gives rise to hypodermal cells in the head.
AVH
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies in the lateral ganglia.
AVJ
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies in the lateral ganglion.
RIB
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies in the lateral ganglia.
AIN
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia.
AVB
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia.
P11.ppaa
Hypodermis associated with hook sensillum of male, contains nucleus P11.ppaa
AIB
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia.
AUA
Neuron class of two neurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia.
AVD
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia.
P9/10R
Cell of lineage ABprapapap, born in embryo, one of a group of postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
SIA
Neuron class of four interneurons, which send processes posteriorly down the sub-lateral cords.
P9/10L
Cell of lineage ABplapapap, born in embryo, one of a group of postembryonic blast cells for ventral cord motorneurons, ventral hypodermis, vulva, male preanal ganglion; ventral hypodermis in L1.
OLL
Neuron class of two neurons with ciliated endings in the lateral outer labial sensilla.
P11.ppap
Hypodermis associated with hook sensillum of male, contains nucleus P11.ppap
P11.ppp
Hypodermis associated with hook sensillum of male, contains nucleus P11.ppp
anterior arcade cell
Interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
ADE
Neuron class of two sensory neurons of anterior deirids, sensory receptors in lateral alae, contain dopamine.
RIV
Neuron class of two interneurons/motoneurons with cell bodies situated sub-dorsally in the lateral ganglion.
lateral ganglion
The left and right lateral ganglia lie beside the nerve ring in the head. They each contain about (30) neuron cell bodies and send their neuronal processes into the ring at its posterior margin either laterally or ventrally via the amphid commissures and ventral ganglion, but form no local neuropil separate from the nerve ring. The lateral ganglia are in close contact with the lateral hypodermal cords.
V cell
Ventrolateral ectoblast of the body that gives rise to neurons, hypodermis and seam cells.
RIC
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the posterior regions of the lateral ganglia.
SAA
Neuron class of four interneurons that send processes anteriorly up the sub-lateral cords in the head.
AVE
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglion close to the ring neuropile.
SAB
Neuron class of three interneurons, which send processes anteriorly up the sub-lateral cords in the head.
arc post VR
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaappap, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc ant DR
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaapppa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc ant DL
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpaappaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post DR
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaapaaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post VL
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpaappap, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post D
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABaraaappaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post V
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABarapapapa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc ant V
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpapaapa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
arc post DL
Embryonic cell of pedigree ABalpaapaaa, interface between pharynx and hypodermis, form anterior part of the buccal cavity.
AVA
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia adjacent to the neuropile of the nerve ring.
amphid sensillum
Bilaterally symmetric chemosensory specializations located on the two lateral lips in the head involving a large hole in the anterior cuticle.
RIA
Neuron class of two prominent interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia, adjacent to the neuropile of the nerve ring.
lateral nerve cord
nerve cord positioned at the lateral flanks of the animal, consists of processes of the neuron classes BDU, CAN, PVD and ALA.
Q cell
One of a pair of lateral neuroblasts that migrate separately within the body cavity during larval stages to produce a variety of cell types.
SMB
Neuron class of four motoneurons, which innervate muscles in the head via NMJs in the nerve ring and also send processes posteriorly down the sub-lateral cords.
SMD
Neuron class of four motoneurons, which innervate muscles in the head via NMJs in the nerve ring and also send processes posteriorly down the sub-lateral cords.
AIZ
Neuron class of two interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia, one of the main classes of integrating neuron for the receptors of the amphid sensilla.
BAG
Neuron class of two neurons with ciliated endings, in the head, with elliptical, closed, sheet-like processes near the cilium, which envelop a piece of hypodermis.
uterine seam cell
membranous cell attaches the uterus to the lateral epidermis (seam) and forms a thin laminar process dorsal to the vulva. formed by fusion of eight pi cell progeny and AC.
arcade cell
Interfacial (hypodermal) cells which connect the hypodermal epithelium of the lips to the pharyngeal epithelium, firmly binding the inner tissue (the pharynx) to the outer bodywall (the hypodermis).
FLP
Neuron class of two neurons, which have ciliated endings situated immediately dorsal to the lateral inner labial sensilla in the head but have no associated sheath or socket cells; they have flattened processes in this region of the cilium.
SIB
Neuron class of four interneurons, which send processes posteriorly down the sub-lateral cords. SIBV has cell bodies, in the ventral ganglion, which send processes that run right round the nerve ring and return to the neuropile of the ventral ganglion.
epithelial cell
cell of epithelium, the layer of cells that cover the external surface of an organism as well as forming an inner lining between the tissues and organs of that organism and the external environment. In C. elegans epithelial cells include epithelium of the alimentary tract, intestinal cells, hypodermis, interfacial cells and somatic gonad cells.
pseudocoelom
A fluid-filled space enclosed on the outside by the basal laminae of the bodywall tissues, principally those of the bodywall muscles and the hypodermis. Within this space the digestive tract and reproductive tract lie separately, each enclosed by its own basal lamina. Intercellular signals, nutrients and waste products can travel between all tissues bordering this space.
socket cell
An interfacial epithelial cell which forms a distal cap on a sheath cell to bind the sheath of a sensillum to the neighboring hypodermis, via adherens junctions. There is often a narrow opening through the socket from the exterior into the sheath channel, allowing ciliated dendrites to be exposed to the external environment. The socket cell functions similarly to a glial cell.
ventral ganglion
ganglion lies beside the nerve ring in the head, just anterior of the retrovesicular ganglion. It contains about 20 interneuron and motorneuron cell bodies that all send their neuronal processes into the ring. The cell bodies are divided into two groups by the intrusion of the excretory duct and canal. The cells are bounded by a basal lamina which physically separates them from the lateral ganglion even though they are adjacent to one another.
cuticular ala
Small linear ridges running along the lateral lines of the cuticle, lengthwise along the body; these thickenings lie in register with the seam cells which likely produce them and are present in the cuticle of the L1, dauer and adult stages, but not in other larval stages. The alae are suspected to provide better traction when the animal generates a bodywave. Since the animal usually lies on its side, the alae are in perfect position to catch against the substrate.
cuticle
a rigid external coating which is secreted by the hypodermis, seam and some transitional epithelial cells which covers the outer body, the major openings into the body cavity from the exterior, and two large sensory bristles, the male spicules. The cuticle of the spicules, the hook, and of some portions of the spicule channels is especially rigid and is probably sclerotized. Similar sclerotic features are occasionally noted in the ventral surface of the male tail fan.
XXX cell
Two embryonic hypodermal cells (XXXL, XXXR) that may provide a scaffold for the early organization of ventral bodywall muscles and the various socket cells in the lateral and ventral lips. Their cell bodies soon crawl posteriorly, and their processes separate the amphid nerve from the mechanosensory nerves in the late embryo. The XXX processes later retract, and the XXX cell bodies remain in the ventrolateral bodywall near the cell bodies of the posterior arcade and some socket cells where they perform a neurohumoral function, as they retain short processes bordering the pseudocoelom and contain some secretory vesicles.
ADF
Neuron class of two neurons that have dual ciliated endings in the amphid sensillum. The endings are in the amphid channel, which is open to the outside. Processes from lateral cell bodies enter the ventral cord via the amphidial commissures and turn anteriorly to enter the nerve ring. The processes of ADF run near the outside surface and posterior face of the ring, in close association with those of AIZ. They meet at the dorsal mid-line and terminate; there is a gap junction at the point or contact. The main synaptic output is to RIA and AIZ; there are also synapses to SMB, AUA and RIR, usually in dyadic combinations with RIA or AIZ. AWB synapses onto ADF in several places, and there are gap junctions to RIH, ADA and AIA.