When raised at the permissive temperature, animals bearing
egl-15(
n1477ts) and other viable alleles of
egl-15 have abnormal sex myoblast (SM) migrations due to a repulsion of the SMs by cells of the somatic gonad. In the last WBG (10(2):46-47, 1988), we described the isolation of
clr-1 alleles as suppressors of the temperature-sensitive inviable phenotype of
egl-15(
n1477ts). Many
clr-1 alleles isolated in this manner cause lethality in the absence of
egl-15(
n1477ts), making these
clr-1 and
egl-15 alleles mutual suppressors. To understand better the function of
clr-1 and its interaction with
egl-15, we have isolated suppressors of the temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype of
clr-1(
e1745ts). Animals bearing this mutation are wild-type at 15 C, but at 25 C they are extremely sick, becoming Dpy, motionless, and sterile on account of their extreme Clr phenotype. Thus, it is very easy to detect mutations that suppress these phenotypes. We have screened animals representing 36,000 EMS- mutagenized haploid genomes and 90,000 gamma-irradiated haploid genomes. From these screens we have isolated 21 EMS-induced and 3 gamma-ray induced recessive suppressors. These suppressor mutations define five genes: one on each of LGIII (1 allele), LGIV (4 alleles), and LGV (10 alleles including all 3 gamma-ray induced alleles); and two genes on LGX, including
egl-15 (8 alleles) and a new gene (2 alleles). To date, little is known about the autosomal mutations. The mutations on LGV cause a recessive scrawny phenotype when isolated from
clr-1(
e1745ts), reminiscent of the phenotype of
egl-15(
n1477ts) at 20 C. However, animals bearing these mutations are non-Egl and have properly positioned SMs. For all genes except the one on LGV, the paucity of EMS alleles and dearth of gamma-ray-induced alleles suggest that these alleles are not null. Eight suppressors on LGX have been assigned to
egl-15 on the basis of their failure to complement not only
egl-15(
n1477ts), but also putative null allele
egl-15(
n1454) and the deficiency nDf19, for suppression of
clr-1(
e1745ts). Unlike the putative null alleles egl- 15 which cause an L1 larval arrest, these suppressors can be transmitted by hemizygous males, and the four alleles tested are homozygous viable isolated away from
clr-1(
e1745ts). Therefore, we believe that these are not null alleles of
egl-15. This observation is consistent with the finding that
clr-1(
e1745ts) does not suppress the lethality of the putative null allele
egl-15(
n1454). Surprisingly, however, only two of these eight new alleles fail to complement egl- 15
(n484) for its Egl phenotype. Two of the strongest suppressor alleles also do not cause an Egl phenotype when separated from
clr-1(
e1745ts). The previously identified viable
egl-15 alleles have been ordered in an allelic series on the basis of their causing increasingly posterior displacement of the SMs:
n1459,
n484,
n1458, and
n1477ts at 20 C. The weakest allele in this series,
n1459, is a weak suppressor, and the strongest allele in this series,
n1477ts, is a strong suppressor of
clr-1(
e1745ts). However, the two intermediate alleles in this allelic series do not suppress at all. Since there are
egl-15 alleles that cause a strong Egl phenotype but are not suppressors of
clr-1(
e1745ts), as well as alleles that are strong suppressors but do not cause an Egl phenotype,
egl-15 appears to be a complex locus with two mutationally separable domains. Two mutations (
n1779,
n1781) define a new gene,
sem-5 X (SEx Muscle abnormal), that maps to the region between
unc-18 and
dpy-6, which is distinct from the position of
egl-15. We have separated
n1779 from
clr-1(
e1745ts) and found that it causes a low penetrance (10%) Egl phenotype due to the posterior displacement of the SMs. Although mutations in
egl-17 X also cause the posterior displacement of the SMs, none suppresses
clr-1(
e1745ts), and no
egl-17 alleles have yet been isolated in this screen. It will be interesting to determine how these three genes on LGX, and possibly the other
clr-1 suppressors, function to affect the SM-gonad interaction that controls part of the SM migration.