Although it has been shown that exposure to 6-PPDQ can cause toxicity on environmental organisms, its possible effects on metabolic state remain largely unclear. We here determined the effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on lipid accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed increase in triglyceride content, enhancement in lipid accumulation, and increase in size of lipid droplets in 6-PPDQ (1-10&#
x202f;&#
x3bc;g/L) exposed nematodes. This detected lipid accumulation was associated with both increase in fatty acid synthesis reflected by increased expressions of
fasn-1 and
pod-2 and inhibition in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid &#
x3b2;-oxidation indicated by decreased expressions of
acs-2,
ech-2,
acs-1, and
ech-3. The observed lipid accumulation in 6-PPDQ (1-10&#
x202f;&#
x3bc;g/L) exposed nematodes was also related to the increase in synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acylCoAs reflected by altered expressions of
fat-5,
fat-6, and
fat-7. Exposure to 6-PPDQ (1-10&#
x202f;&#
x3bc;g/L) further increased expressions of
sbp-1 and
mdt-15 encoding two metabolic sensors to initiate the lipid accumulation and to regulate the lipid metabolism. Moreover, the observed increase in triglyceride content, enhancement in lipid accumulation, and alterations in
fasn-1,
pod-2,
acs-2, and
fat-5 expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes were obviously inhibited by
sbp-1 and
mdt-15 RNAi. Our observations demonstrated the risk of 6-PPDQ at environmentally relevant concentration in affecting lipid metabolic state in organisms.