Variations in the form, structure or composition of related tissues that allow the animal to secrete saline fluid and maintain a proper salt balance compared to control. In C. elegans, four cell types (1 pore cell, 1 duct cell, 1 canal cell and a fused pair of gland cells) make up the excretory system (Wormatlas).
Failure in directed movement in response to sodium acetate. In C. elegans, sodium acetate is an attractant. Sodium acetate has also subsequently been used to assay for Na+ attraction in C. elegans.
Animals die during embryonic development. In C. elegans, often assayed as refractile eggs that fail to hatch; when applied to large-scale RNAi screens in C. elegans, more than 10% of embryos die.
Failure in directed movement in response to ammonium chloride compared to control. In C. elegans, NH4Cl is an attractant. NH4Cl has also subsequently been used to assay for Cl- attraction in C. elegans.